Adults on Parole, Probation, Or Community Supervision (Archives, 1975-2016)

This database contains the number of persons on parole, probation, and community supervision (i.e., the sum of parole and probation) and the rate per adult, defined as age 18 or above.  Figures reflect population counts on December 31st of each year.  In some cases, reporting states update this end of year count with a count on January 1st of the following year; these are reported as counts on December 31st for consistency   

NOTE: Rate categories, e.g., Probationers per 1,000 reflect the number of probationers per total population, not adult population.

The survey was not conducted in 1991.  January 1, 1992 population counts were used as estimates of the December 31, 1991 population counts. For additional information on the methodology used, see the Bureau of Justice Statistics.

• Some data are imputed or estimated.
• Detail may not sum to total due to rounding.
  South Dakota, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, New Mexico, and Oregon did not report the number of probationers in 1977. 
• Michigan, Minnesota, Texas, and Arizona did not report the number of probationers in 1977-1978. 
• The number of probationers in Oklahoma in 2006 is not known.   
• Illinois, Delaware, and Tennessee did not report the number of parolees in 1975-1978. 
• Vermont did not report the number of parolees in 1975-1977. 
• Nebraska, Wisconsin, and Alaska did not report the number  of parolees in 1975-1976. 
• Arizona did not report the number of parolees in 1975.
• Maine did not report the number of parolees from 1985-1990.
• The number of parolees in Oklahoma in 2006 is unknown.
• The 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2011 figures for Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, Virginia, South Carolina, and Illinois, respectively, are estimated.
• 2012 community supervision population excludes offenders under community supervision who were on both probation and parole. 
• 2012 community supervision data for entries and exits were estimated for non-reporting agencies for 2012 in Colorado, Florida, Kentucky, Michigan, New Mexico, Ohio, Rhode Island, Washington, and West Virginia.
• 2012 probation counts include private agency cases and may overstate the number of persons under supervision.
• The 2012 probation and parole populations for some jurisdictions on December 31, 2012 do not equal the population on January 1, 2012, plus entries, minus exits because of non-responsive or incomplete data from some agencies.
• 2012 probation data for entries and exits were estimated for non-reporting agencies.
• Probation counts include private agency cases and may overstate the number of persons under supervision.
• The probation population for some jurisdictions on December 31, 2012, does not equal the population on January 1, 2012, plus entries, minus exits because of non-responsive or incomplete data from some agencies.
  2012 probation data for entries and exits were estimated for non-reporting California agencies.
• 2012 California counts include post-release community supervision parolees.

Because of these limitations, the total number of persons under community supervision is not available for some years.